bodybuilder

A bodybuilder’s goal is to achieve an aesthetically pleasing physique with well-defined, proportional muscles.

Bodybuilding competitions judge competitors based on the size, shape, fullness and symmetry of their muscles. A distinct bodybuilding subculture has emerged around the sport, with enthusiasts often surrounding themselves with others who share similar training goals and routines.

Bodybuilders have an elevated risk of premature death compared to the general population.

The most common causes of premature death in bodybuilders appear to be cardiovascular-related events, particularly heart disease, sudden cardiac arrest, and myocardial infarction (heart attack).

Autopsies of deceased bodybuilders under 50 years old have revealed enlarged hearts (cardiomegaly) and thickened left ventricular walls (left ventricular hypertrophy), which are risk factors for heart disease and sudden cardiac death. Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) for prolonged periods is suspected to be a major contributing factor to these cardiac abnormalities.

Other reported causes of death include pulmonary embolism, kidney failure, natural causes, and unknown causes. Dehydration, rapid weight changes, and the extreme physiques often achieved through steroid use can also put significant strain on the heart, liver, and kidneys.

While some legendary bodybuilders have lived into their 70s and 80s, reports of premature deaths in high-profile bodybuilders under 50 are common.